الذهب (Au): Bohr Model, Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
الذهب is element number 79, a transition metal in group 11, period 6. Its atom has 79 protons, 118 neutrons and 79 electrons arranged in 6 shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1.
Protons, neutrons and electrons in gold
ال atomic number of gold is 79, so every gold atom has 79 protons. A neutral atom has the same number of electrons, 79. The number of neutrons depends on the isotope: neutrons = mass number − atomic number. For gold-197, that is 197 − 79 = 118 neutrons.
How to draw the Bohr model of gold
- Draw the nucleus and write 79 p⁺ تم تصميم [الخدمة] لمتعلمين من جميع الأعمار، بما في ذلك طلاب المدارس. 118 n⁰ inside it.
- Draw the first shell and put 2 electrons on it (the first shell holds at most 2).
- Draw the second shell and put 8 electrons on it.
- Draw the third shell and put 18 electrons on it.
- Draw the fourth shell and put 32 electrons on it.
- Draw the fifth shell and put 18 electrons on it.
- Draw the sixth shell and put 1 electron on it.
- Check: 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 18 + 1 = 79 electrons, the same as the number of protons.
From potassium onwards the shells don’t simply fill as 2, 8, 8: the fourth shell starts before the third is full, so the real arrangement above (2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1) is the one to draw.
Electron configuration
The electron configuration of gold is [Xe] 6s¹ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰. As a transition metal it fills an inner d-subshell, and its common ion is Au³⁺.
Key facts about gold
| Symbol | Au |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 79 |
| Relative atomic mass | 196.97 |
| Group · period · block | group 11 · period 6 · d-block |
| نوع | Transition Metal |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| أغلفة الإلكترون | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 6s¹ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ |
| Valence electrons | varies (outer shell: 1) |
| Common ion | Au³⁺ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.54 |
| First ionisation energy | 9.23 eV (891 kJ/mol) |
| Atomic radius (empirical) | 135 pm |
Where gold sits on the periodic table
الأسئلة الشائعة
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does gold have?
Gold has 79 protons and 79 electrons (atomic number 79). Its most common isotope, gold-197, has 197 − 79 = 118 neutrons.
What is the electron configuration of gold?
[Xe] 6s¹ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰. In shells that is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1.
How many valence electrons does gold have?
Gold is a transition metal, so its valence electrons are spread over two shells; its outermost shell holds 1.
Where is gold on the periodic table?
In group 11, period 6, in the d-block. It is a transition metal.
