Palladium (Pd): Bohr Model, Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Palladium is element number 46, a transition metal in group 10, period 5. Its atom has 46 protons, 60 neutrons and 46 electrons arranged in 4 shells: 2, 8, 18, 18.
Protons, neutrons and electrons in palladium
ال atomic number of palladium is 46, so every palladium atom has 46 protons. A neutral atom has the same number of electrons, 46. The number of neutrons depends on the isotope: neutrons = mass number − atomic number. For palladium-106, that is 106 − 46 = 60 neutrons. Palladium has 6 stable isotopes, with 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64 neutrons.
How to draw the Bohr model of palladium
- Draw the nucleus and write 46 p⁺ تم تصميم [الخدمة] لمتعلمين من جميع الأعمار، بما في ذلك طلاب المدارس. 60 n⁰ inside it.
- Draw the first shell and put 2 electrons on it (the first shell holds at most 2).
- Draw the second shell and put 8 electrons on it.
- Draw the third shell and put 18 electrons on it.
- Draw the fourth shell and put 18 electrons on it.
- Check: 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 = 46 electrons, the same as the number of protons.
From potassium onwards the shells don’t simply fill as 2, 8, 8: the fourth shell starts before the third is full, so the real arrangement above (2, 8, 18, 18) is the one to draw.
Electron configuration
The electron configuration of palladium is [Kr] 4d¹⁰. As a transition metal it fills an inner d-subshell, and its common ion is Pd²⁺.
Key facts about palladium
| Symbol | Pd |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 46 |
| Relative atomic mass | 106.42 |
| Group · period · block | group 10 · period 5 · d-block |
| نوع | Transition Metal |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| أغلفة الإلكترون | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d¹⁰ |
| Valence electrons | varies (outer shell: 18) |
| Common ion | Pd²⁺ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.20 |
| First ionisation energy | 8.34 eV (805 kJ/mol) |
| Atomic radius (empirical) | 140 pm |
Where palladium sits on the periodic table
الأسئلة الشائعة
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does palladium have?
Palladium has 46 protons and 46 electrons (atomic number 46). Its most common isotope, palladium-106, has 106 − 46 = 60 neutrons.
What is the electron configuration of palladium?
[Kr] 4d¹⁰. In shells that is 2, 8, 18, 18.
How many valence electrons does palladium have?
Palladium is a transition metal, so its valence electrons are spread over two shells; its outermost shell holds 18.
Where is palladium on the periodic table?
In group 10, period 5, in the d-block. It is a transition metal.
