Niobium (Nb): Bohr Model, Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Niobium is element number 41, a transition metal in group 5, period 5. Its atom has 41 protons, 52 neutrons and 41 electrons arranged in 5 shells: 2, 8, 18, 12, 1.
Protons, neutrons and electrons in niobium
ال atomic number of niobium is 41, so every niobium atom has 41 protons. A neutral atom has the same number of electrons, 41. The number of neutrons depends on the isotope: neutrons = mass number − atomic number. For niobium-93, that is 93 − 41 = 52 neutrons.
How to draw the Bohr model of niobium
- Draw the nucleus and write 41 p⁺ تم تصميم [الخدمة] لمتعلمين من جميع الأعمار، بما في ذلك طلاب المدارس. 52 n⁰ inside it.
- Draw the first shell and put 2 electrons on it (the first shell holds at most 2).
- Draw the second shell and put 8 electrons on it.
- Draw the third shell and put 18 electrons on it.
- Draw the fourth shell and put 12 electrons on it.
- Draw the fifth shell and put 1 electron on it.
- Check: 2 + 8 + 18 + 12 + 1 = 41 electrons, the same as the number of protons.
From potassium onwards the shells don’t simply fill as 2, 8, 8: the fourth shell starts before the third is full, so the real arrangement above (2, 8, 18, 12, 1) is the one to draw.
Electron configuration
The electron configuration of niobium is [Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁴. As a transition metal it fills an inner d-subshell, and its common ion is Nb⁵⁺.
Key facts about niobium
| Symbol | Nb |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 41 |
| Relative atomic mass | 92.906 |
| Group · period · block | group 5 · period 5 · d-block |
| نوع | Transition Metal |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| أغلفة الإلكترون | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁴ |
| Valence electrons | varies (outer shell: 1) |
| Common ion | Nb⁵⁺ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.60 |
| First ionisation energy | 6.76 eV (652 kJ/mol) |
| Atomic radius (empirical) | 145 pm |
Where niobium sits on the periodic table
الأسئلة الشائعة
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does niobium have?
Niobium has 41 protons and 41 electrons (atomic number 41). Its most common isotope, niobium-93, has 93 − 41 = 52 neutrons.
What is the electron configuration of niobium?
[Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁴. In shells that is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1.
How many valence electrons does niobium have?
Niobium is a transition metal, so its valence electrons are spread over two shells; its outermost shell holds 1.
Where is niobium on the periodic table?
In group 5, period 5, in the d-block. It is a transition metal.
