Articles
Explainers you can play with. Every article links to a 3D simulation.
- Chemistry
Electrolysis Explained: What Happens at Each Electrode
Electrolysis splits ionic compounds with electricity. Learn what forms at the cathode and anode, how to write half equations, why brine gives hydrogen, and try it in 3D.
21 October 2026 · 6 min read · electrolysis, ions, electrodes, half equations, redox - Chemistry
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Explained
Exothermic reactions give out heat; endothermic ones take it in. Learn why, read energy profile diagrams, work out ΔH from bond energies and watch molecules react in 3D.
21 October 2026 · 6 min read · energetics, enthalpy, activation energy, bond energies, catalysts - Biology
How Temperature Affects Enzyme Activity (and Why)
Warmth speeds enzymes up until the optimum, then heat denatures them for good. The rate graph explained, plus the effect of pH, the lock and key model and exam answers.
21 October 2026 · 6 min read · enzymes, proteins, denaturation, rate of reaction, practical - Chemistry
Ionic vs Covalent Bonds: What's the Difference?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons and make charged ions; covalent bonds share them. Learn to tell them apart, compare their properties in a table and build molecules in 3D.
21 October 2026 · 6 min read · bonding, ions, molecules, electrons, electronegativity - Physics
Ohm's Law Explained: V = IR With Worked Examples
Ohm's law links voltage, current and resistance: V = IR. Learn the formula triangle, the units, three worked examples, the I–V graphs and the mistakes that cost marks.
21 October 2026 · 7 min read · electricity, circuits, resistance, current, voltage - Chemistry
States of Matter: Solids, Liquids and Gases Explained
Solids, liquids and gases are the same particles with different amounts of energy. See how they move, why melting and boiling stay at one temperature, and heat ice in 3D.
21 October 2026 · 7 min read · states of matter, particles, heating curve, latent heat, changes of state - Physics
The Best Angle for Maximum Range (It Isn't Always 45°)
Why 45° throws a projectile the farthest, why 30° and 60° land in exactly the same spot, and why shot-putters, golfers and air resistance all pull the angle lower.
20 October 2026 · 6 min read · projectile motion, launch angle, range, air resistance, kinematics - Biology
What Happens to a Red Blood Cell in Salt Water?
In pure water a red blood cell swells and bursts; in strong salt water it shrivels. See how osmosis decides which, why drips use 0.9% saline, and what plant cells do.
20 October 2026 · 5 min read · osmosis, red blood cells, tonicity, plasmolysis, diffusion - Biology
Animal Cell vs Plant Cell: What's Actually Different?
Plant and animal cells share most of their parts. Here are the real differences (cell wall, chloroplasts and a big vacuole), why each exists and the classic mix-ups.
17 October 2026 · 5 min read · cells, organelles, plant cell, animal cell, chloroplast, cell wall - Biology
How DNA Makes a Protein: Transcription and Translation
A gene is a recipe written in four letters. See how a cell copies it into mRNA, reads it three letters at a time, builds a protein, and what a one-letter mistake does.
17 October 2026 · 5 min read · DNA, protein synthesis, transcription, translation, mutations, genetic code - Physics
How to Find g Using a Simple Pendulum (Method + Graph)
Measure the acceleration due to gravity with a string and a weight: the method, the T² against L graph, a worked example and the errors that pull you away from 9.81.
17 October 2026 · 5 min read · pendulum, gravity, practical, graphs, simple harmonic motion - Physics
How to Read a Vernier Caliper (Without Getting It Wrong)
A step-by-step guide to reading a Vernier caliper to 0.1 mm or 0.02 mm, with worked examples, the least count, zero error and the mistakes that cost marks in exams.
17 October 2026 · 5 min read · vernier caliper, measurement, least count, zero error, practical skills - Chemistry
Why Are Fireworks Different Colours? It's the Electrons
Firework colours come from electrons jumping between energy levels in metal atoms. Here's how it works, why each metal has its own colour, and how flame tests use it.
17 October 2026 · 5 min read · electrons, energy levels, flame test, emission spectrum, light - Chemistry
What Is an Isotope? A Simple Explanation with Examples
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Learn what that means, why some isotopes are radioactive, and build one yourself in 3D.
12 October 2026 · 3 min read · atoms, isotopes, neutrons, radioactivity
